Mexico Proposes Zero VAT for Small Bookstores<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nBaltazar Brito Guadarrama, director of the National Library of Anthropology and History (BNAH), explained that the Codex Azcatitlan consists of 25 folios of European paper and documents approximately 500 years of Mexica history. The manuscript covers the migration from Aztl\u00e1n\u2014considered the place of origin of the Mexica people\u2014the election of Acamapichtli as the first tlatoani (ruler), and the period of the conquest of Mexico-Tenochtitlan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThere are likely around 600 codices in the world. Having an original codex come to Mexico and allowing us to reconnect with it is, I believe, very significant,\u201d Guadarrama noted. According to the official, France holds more than 100 codices, as well as copies of documents whose originals have been lost. The BNF and the BNAH together hold nearly 35 percent of the world\u2019s existing codices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Through the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (SRE) and the Ministry of Culture, the Mexican government is working to recover the Codex Azcatitlan and other documents considered national heritage. Guadarrama indicated that this exchange represents a step in that effort and expressed his hope that the manuscript might eventually return to Mexico permanently through a donation from France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The temporary loan stems from an agreement between the President of Mexico, Claudia Sheinbaum, and the President of France, Emmanuel Macron, to organize reciprocal exhibitions marking the bicentennial of diplomatic relations between Mexico and France, which is being commemorated this year. During Macron\u2019s visit to Mexico in November 2025, Sheinbaum described the codex as the country\u2019s living memory and the deep root of our identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Azcatitlan Codex was created between the mid-16th and late 17th centuries. Its authorship remains unknown, as such manuscripts belonged to the community and were not typically attributed to an individual artist. It is believed that its first owner was Fernando de Alva Ixtlilx\u00f3chitl, a descendant of Nezahualc\u00f3yotl. Later, the document passed into the hands of Sig\u00fcenza y G\u00f3ngora, who bequeathed his library to the Society of Jesus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
In 1737, the Italian historian Lorenzo Boturini acquired the Jesuit holdings, including manuscripts of indigenous origin. Ninety-three years later, the French researcher Joseph Marius Alexis Aubin obtained the collection and transported it to France. In 1830, Aubin sold the documents to the French-Mexican Eug\u00e8ne Goupil. After his death, his widow donated the archive to the BNF, on the condition that it remain in the custody of that public institution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As part of the bilateral agreement, the Boturini Codex will also return to Mexican territory on December 31, 2026, following its presentation at the French institution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Author: HGV\/JF<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Source: National Library of Anthropology and History<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Source: teleSUR<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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